The Sandwich Approach

I didn't realize how funny this story was until I was nonchalantly explaining today's lesson to a colleague.  

In an effort to develop writing ability, I decided to emphasize proof reading skills in the classroom.   This year, the task analysis for any writing assignment always ends with:

-Proofread your own work and

-Have a classmate proofread your work

The first time I attempted to implement this, there was an immediate problem.   Loud pronounced comments such as, "This is wrong! You spelled persevere wrong. It's on the board!"  and, “Lam, you forgot to capitalize the first letter of your sentence,"  filled the classroom.  

I stopped all peer proofreading immediately. Though, it was me that made the mistake. I never taught them how to give feedback to each other.

"Let's have a discussion about how we should critique each other’s work."  I explained to the class that a critique was when we give feedback about our work.    "We all work very hard in this classroom and while we would like to know how to make our writings better, we don't just want to hear negative things about our work, right?  We also would like to hear good comments about our writings."  

I introduced the Sandwich Approach by drawing a picture on the board of what was supposed to resemble a sandwich and explained the positive-negative-positive model. Next, to make this abstract concept more concrete, I told my students,  "After you read your classmate's work, start off by saying something positive about what they wrote.  Did they stay in sequence? Did they follow the four, focused-on grammar rules?  Was their paragraph creative, informative, persuasive etc.?  Then, explain the things they need to change in order to make their writing stronger.  Do they forget punctuation marks?  Are there too many thoughts included in one sentence? Finally, finish the critique by again noting something positive about their writing.  

I wanted make sure everyone understood what I was saying while providing an opportunity to practice using this approach through a fun activity.  I started with Vit, who loves to dance.  "Vit, critique my dancing using the Sandwich Approach." And so I danced...like it was nobody's business.  

"Well, Ms. McKeone," my diva-licous Vit began, “you obviously have rhythm.  You could use a little more footwork in your dancing, but I really like your little shimmy."

Excellent. He got it…and he liked my shimmy ;)

Next was Maj. Maj is famous for creating birthday cards that include stick figure portraits to accompany his birthday wishes, which typically include a wish for a large amount of money, a trip to an amusement park and a dinner at the Grand King Buffet.   "Maj, critique my self-portrait using the Sandwich Approach."  I went to the board and drew a stick figure with big curly, frizzy hair, which is how my hair might typically look on the days that I do not tame it with the flat iron. 

"Um, that's a nice picture, Ms. McKeone, it’s a nice picture. But, but your hair, your hair don't look like that today.  You should change the hair because it don't, it don't look like that.   But, it's a nice picture. You did a good job." 

Not as specific, but Maj got the concept and we can always work out the details with practice.

I had the students each come up and perform while students in the 'audience' went on to critique each performance using the Sandwich Approach.   It was Lam's turn to come up and perform.  Lam is a HUGE fan of pop culture. He loves wrestling and all things hip-hop.  Lam will write a dissertation on De La Soul and Africa Bambaataa any day, especially in an effort to avoid what the actual assignment is asking.  As such, Lam is himself, an all-star rapper.  I should mention that Lam is in fact classified as non-verbal.  He does make utterances that can be understood in context and to a trained ear, but not while he is in the midst of free-styling.  

In this instance (while he is rapping), it's probably more appropriate that one can not make out his utterances, because while Lam is a sweetheart and will steal your heart any day of the week, he is in fact,  gang-stah.  Chances are, you may not be able to understand what he is rapping about, but you can be pretty sure he just called you a punk (or worse) and said something about your mamma. 

So Lam gets up and begins his rap.  He went on and on, feeling the flow, throwing his hands up in the hair and finally ending with two fingers to the crowd and what anyone could recognize as a, "PEACE!"  Everyone clapped and I called on Detective D to use the Sandwich Approach to critique Lam's performance.  This would be no easy task for most students, but Detective D is clever and insightful.  He is the type of student who can recognize the social dichotomy of the classroom and turn it into a murder mystery (more on that later). 

"Ok. Detective D. Use the Sandwich Approach to critique Lam's rap performance."

Detective D had a thoughtful face on, but did not hesitate for a moment as he presented his critique. "Well first thing, the lyrics were great."

Yes! In case, you missed it, this is where you laugh. I have fallen out several times since the first time I retold this story, though sometimes others have not been so quick to pick up on the humor and beauty in this moment.   Even for me, it did not initially register while working with the students in the classroom.  Perhaps it was because I was so caught up in the assessment process, making sure that everyone was grasping this concept.  After all, immediately after his initial comment, Detective D went on to say that Lam could have had more eye contact with the audience, but had great body language when using his hands during the performance.  He gave a very appropriate critique, demonstrating his comprehension of the Sandwich Approach.    

However, what Detective D has truly demonstrated was his ability to empathize.  Detective D had assessed this moment prior to his response and in his choice of words, he chose to be supportive and encouraging to his peer.    

Wilt & Blossom

It's the end of the year and we are breaking down the classroom and re-organizing for next year.   The classroom is almost completely bare except for Tilja and Audrey who are both sitting in front of the window, vibrant and beautiful.  Tilja is a peachy-pink hibiscus that was once wilting in my apartment as winter temperatures dropped.  Audrey was a dying duo of a lilly plant and some other leafy green that my roommate placed next to our trash can one day.  Originally, her name was Lola (she was a show girl).  I had brought both of these plants to school because I knew they had a change of survival in our tropical climate classroom.  For some reason, maintenance likes the temperature kept at 80 degrees and above. 

I remember how excited the students were to receive Audrey and Tilja.  Each student came up with an original name for each plant and we all voted for our favorite one.  It was Vit, who requested the job of caring for these two plants for the entire school year.   He began watering them each day and we started to see some progress.  However, when our winter break came and went, we returned to two very dilapidated plants.  At one point, it was suggested that there was no hope at all for Audrey and that she should just get tossed. 

Vit did not like this idea at all.  He told me that there was still a little green left and that he wanted to keep watering both plants.  So we agreed to keep Audrey and see what happened.  As time went on, not only did she grow, but she thrived.

Vit's thumb was not the only part of him that was green; his social skills were a bit novice.  As a freshman, transitioning to a new school, and like any other kid, he wanted friends very badly and was eager to be accepted as soon as possible.    Vit's overwhelming need for attention and validation made it difficult to make friends initially.   This caused Vit a lot of emotional distress and his behaviors fluctuated from extremely extroverted to depressed and introverted.  On several occasions, he even became physically aggressive with other students in our classroom.   We decided that Vit would benefit from counseling and soon began anger management sessions with his counselor. 

Fortunately, Vit's social skills began to develop throughout the year and he was making friends. We saw an increasing sense of empowerment as he utilized his interest in the arts.  This year alone Vit has contributed to our award winning Computer Fair project by producing original music and comic strips, auditioned and performed for the school's talent show, performed the lead role for a script written by his drama class at Barnes and Nobles and won a Black History Month Poster Contest!   Vit was also known among his peers as a phenomenal dancer.  While he had gained the support and admiration of so many, there were also students in the school who were not as friendly—haters.  ;)

Throughout the year, Vit had suffered harassment from a few students in the hallway who yelled out sexual orientation slurs.  When Vit finally reported these incidences to me, I immediately took him to the school police to identify the students.  We all wanted to make it very clear to Vit that he had the right to walk throughout the school without being harassed.   It was in the spring time when Vit 'came out' to me, expressing that he was bi-sexual.   He told me that his counselor had given him good advice: "He told me that I can be anything I want to be."   I told him that I agreed with his counselor. Since that day, we have seen Vit's self-esteem and sense of empowerment grow immensely.   His attention seeking behaviors in the classroom have diminished and he seems slightly more comfortable in his skin.  

Through this school year, Vit has experienced some wonderful successes in establishing supportive and healthy relationships and perhaps even more valuable he has learned from many of his painful failures. While Vit continues to see his counselor regularly, he has found a mentor in our classroom aid, Mama E.   The blossoming of this relationship was powerful to watch.  Initially, Vit's behaviors were hard for our classroom aid (and many others) to understand or accept.   However, with such subtle grace, they have been put together for each other's benefit.   While anyone can see how much Vit values Mama E, Mama E has often expressed to me just how much she has learned from Vit and how much she values that growth.   She tells me, “God puts us in each other's lives for a reason.”

I think that one of the most important lessons that Mama E has presented to Vit in her mentorship is that he will most likely continue to encounter struggle, perhaps even more frequently than most of us.  But she reminds Vit that we must remember a certain vocabulary word from our classroom word wall: persevere.  This is a word that every one of my students will come to know, understand and use. 

Although the word walls are down and classroom is near empty, it is the life in Audrey and Tilja that remind me of what we have all accomplished this school year.   I can assure you that Tilja, Audrey, Vit and Mama E were not the only ones to both struggle and persevere this year in Room 435.   We have all had moments of weakness and trial, and days that wilted our stems.   At the same time, we have all blossomed with great vitality.  We did not merely survive this school year, but we thrived, with the love, patience and support of Room 435. 

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Regional Competition

We are on fire!  After winning first place in the multi-media category at our school's computer fair, our students went on to win third place in the Philadelphia Regional Computer Fair Competition Multimedia category. 

As the only Autistic Support Classroom in the Philadelphia region to participate, many people thought that placing third was an impressive accomplishment for our classroom; however, our students had another sentiment.  "We wanted to win first place." 

I explained to them that not only was the pool of competitors much larger than our school's computer fair, but that some of those students had much more experience using technology and multi-media. Placing third was indeed a big accomplishment and they should be proud.   I knew that they truly felt gratified as they returned to school, showing off their trophies to students and faculty throughout the building. 

I can appreciate their ambition.  In fact, I too hold aspirations that will hopefully contribute to their ambition, nurturing the motivation to accomplish, persevere and compete amongst their peers.  It is my intent to fortify a process where students with Autism regularly compete with "neorotypical students."  It should become the norm.

In pushing to make that happen, I will continue to set high expectations for my students... and myself.
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We Won!

Congratulations to Room 435 Productions!  Today was our school's Computer Fair and we won first place in the multi-media category! I am so very proud of the boys.  You can view the project on our wiki by clicking here.
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Unfortunately, in my experience, I have encountered many people who